54 standards
Standards & Specifications
Every product we supply is bought to a standard. These pages explain what each ASTM, ASME, MSS and EN standard covers, which grades it lists, and what to write on the order.
- ASTM
- ASME
- MSS
- EN
- NACE
Reviewed by the Kanak Steel & Engineering Co. technical team · Updated October 2026
Three standards make one order line
Material, dimensions and inspection each have their own standard. The example below is a typical Alloy 825 flange line item.
Which standard applies? Product × material matrix
Find the material specification for your product and alloy family, then add the dimensional standard and the certificate. Grade-level detail is on each standard page.
| Product | Austenitic stainless | Duplex / super duplex | Nickel alloys | Carbon / Cr-Mo steel | Dimensions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheet · plate | A240 + A480 | A240 | B424 (825) · B443 (625) · B575 (C276) | A516 · A387 | A480 / B906 / A20 tolerances |
| Pipe | A312 | A790 | B423 (825) · B444 (625) · B622 (C276) | A106 · A333 · A335 | B36.19 · B36.10 |
| Buttweld fittings | A403 WP / CR | A815 | B366 | A234 · A420 | B16.9 · MSS SP-43 |
| Flanges & forged fittings | A182 F-grades | A182 F51 / F53 / F55 | B564 | A105 · A350 · A182 F11 / F22 | B16.5 · B16.47 · B16.11 |
| Stud bolts & nuts | A193 B8 / B8M · A194 8 / 8M | A1082 (S32205, S32750) | F468 (625, C276, 400, K500) bolts, cap screws & studs, 0.250–1.500 in. · F467 nuts · A1014 (718) bolting · others: finished spec not asserted; may be machined from alloy bar (e.g. B425 for 825), where applicable | A193 B7 · A320 L7 | ASME B18.31.2 · B18.2.2 |
Every line also needs an inspection document — usually EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 with third-party witness — and, for sour service, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156.
The most-asked standards, in one line each
| Standard | Type | In one line |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM A403 | Pipe fittings | ASTM A403 is the material specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel pipe fittings — elbows, tees, reducers, caps and stub ends made from seamless or welded stainless material. |
| ASTM A182 | Flanges & forgings | ASTM A182 is the material specification for forged or rolled stainless and low-alloy steel piping components — flanges, forged fittings, valves and parts for high-temperature service. |
| ASTM A240 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM A240 is the specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure vessels and general applications. |
| ASTM A312 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A312 is the specification for seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipe for high-temperature and general corrosive service. |
| ASTM A790 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A790 is the specification for seamless and welded duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel pipe for general corrosive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. |
| ASTM A193 | Bolting | ASTM A193 is the specification for alloy and stainless steel bolting for high-temperature or high-pressure service — bolting material (bars, bolts, screws, studs and stud bolts) for flanges, valves and pressure vessels; for threaded rod, confirm the required product form and grade in the purchase specification. |
| ASTM A194 | Bolting | ASTM A194 is the specification for carbon, alloy and stainless steel nuts for high-pressure or high-temperature bolting. |
| ASTM A105 | Flanges & forgings | ASTM A105 is the specification for carbon steel forgings for piping applications — flanges, forged fittings, valves and similar parts for ambient and higher-temperature service. |
| ASTM A234 | Pipe fittings | ASTM A234 is the specification for wrought carbon steel and alloy steel pipe fittings for moderate and high-temperature service. |
| ASTM A350 | Flanges & forgings | ASTM A350 is the specification for carbon and low-alloy steel forgings that require notch-toughness (impact) testing for low-temperature piping components such as flanges and forged fittings. |
| ASTM B424 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B424 is the specification for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy plate, sheet and strip — most importantly Alloy 825 (UNS N08825), sold as Inconel 825 or Incoloy 825. |
| ASTM B366 | Pipe fittings | ASTM B366 is the specification for factory-made wrought nickel and nickel-alloy pipe fittings — the buttweld elbows, tees, reducers and caps used with nickel-alloy pipe. |
| ASTM B564 | Flanges & forgings | ASTM B564 is the specification for nickel-alloy forgings — flanges, forged fittings, valve bodies and similar parts in alloys such as 825 (N08825), 625 (N06625), 600 (N06600), Monel 400 (N04400) and Hastelloy C276 (N10276). |
| ASME B16.5 | Dimensional standards | ASME B16.5 is the dimensional and pressure-rating standard for pipe flanges and flanged fittings from NPS ½ to NPS 24 in Classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 (Class 2500 up to NPS 12). |
| ASME B16.9 | Dimensional standards | ASME B16.9 is the dimensional standard for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings from NPS ½ to NPS 48 — long- and short-radius elbows, tees, reducers, caps, stub ends, crosses and returns. |
| ASME B16.11 | Dimensional standards | ASME B16.11 is the standard for forged socket-welding and threaded fittings, NPS ⅛ to NPS 4. |
| ASME B16.47 | Dimensional standards | ASME B16.47 is the standard for large-diameter steel flanges, NPS 26 to NPS 60. |
| ASME B36.19 | Dimensional standards | ASME B36.19 is the standard for stainless steel pipe dimensions: outside diameters and the "S" wall schedules 5S, 10S, 40S and 80S. |
| MSS SP-43 | Dimensional standards | MSS SP-43 is the standard for wrought and fabricated buttwelding fittings for low-pressure, corrosion-resistant service — light-wall stainless fittings in Schedule 5S and 10S, plus short-pattern stub ends. |
| EN 10204 | Quality & service | EN 10204 defines the types of inspection document supplied with metallic products. |
| NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 | Quality & service | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 sets the requirements for metallic materials used in H₂S-containing (sour) environments in oil and gas production. |
| ASTM A480 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM A480 sets the general requirements for flat-rolled stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip. |
| ASTM B906 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B906 sets the general requirements for flat-rolled nickel and nickel-alloy plate, sheet and strip. |
| ASTM B443 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B443 is the specification for Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy plate, sheet and strip — principally Alloy 625 (UNS N06625). |
| ASTM B168 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B168 is the specification for Ni-Cr-Fe alloy plate, sheet and strip — Alloy 600 (UNS N06600), Alloy 601 (N06601), Alloy 690 (N06690) and related grades. |
| ASTM B409 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B409 is the specification for Ni-Fe-Cr alloy plate, sheet and strip — Alloy 800 (UNS N08800), 800H (N08810) and 800HT (N08811). |
| ASTM B575 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B575 is the specification for low-carbon Ni-Mo-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo alloy plate, sheet and strip, including Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276), C22 (N06022), C4 (N06455) and Alloy 59 (N06059). |
| ASTM B127 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B127 is the specification for nickel-copper alloy (UNS N04400 — Monel 400) plate, sheet and strip. |
| ASTM B625 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM B625 is the specification for super-austenitic Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo(-Cu) alloy plate, sheet and strip such as UNS N08925, N08926, N08031 and R20033. |
| ASTM A516 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM A516 is the specification for carbon steel pressure-vessel plate for moderate and lower-temperature service. |
| ASTM A387 | Plate, sheet & strip | ASTM A387 is the specification for chromium-molybdenum alloy steel pressure-vessel plate for elevated-temperature service. |
| ASTM A358 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A358 is the specification for electric-fusion-welded (EFW) austenitic stainless steel pipe for high-temperature and general corrosive service. |
| ASTM A789 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A789 is the specification for seamless and welded duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel tubing for general service, including heat-exchanger tubes. |
| ASTM A213 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A213 is the specification for seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat-exchanger tubes. |
| ASTM A269 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A269 is the specification for seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general corrosion-resisting and low- or high-temperature service. |
| ASTM A106 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A106 is the specification for seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service. |
| ASTM A333 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A333 is the specification for seamless and welded steel pipe for low-temperature service, with Charpy impact testing at the grade's test temperature. |
| ASTM A335 | Pipe & tube | ASTM A335 is the specification for seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service — the chrome-moly "P" grades. |
| ASTM B423 | Pipe & tube | ASTM B423 is the specification for seamless pipe and tube in Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu alloys — principally Alloy 825 (UNS N08825). |
| ASTM B705 | Pipe & tube | ASTM B705 is the specification for welded nickel-alloy pipe in grades such as Alloy 625 (N06625) and Alloy 825 (N08825), made from flat-rolled material by automatic welding. |
| ASTM B444 | Pipe & tube | ASTM B444 is the specification for Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy pipe and tube — principally Alloy 625 (UNS N06625). |
| ASTM B622 | Pipe & tube | ASTM B622 is the specification for seamless nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy pipe and tube, including Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276), C22 (N06022), C4 (N06455) and B-2 (N10665). |
| ASTM B165 | Pipe & tube | ASTM B165 is the specification for seamless nickel-copper alloy (UNS N04400 — Monel 400) pipe and tube. |
| ASTM B677 | Pipe & tube | ASTM B677 is the specification for seamless super-austenitic pipe and tube in super-austenitic alloys — the current (2026) edition lists UNS N08034, N08354 and N08935; earlier editions also listed N08925 and N08926. |
| ASTM B163 | Pipe & tube | ASTM B163 is the specification for seamless nickel and nickel-alloy condenser and heat-exchanger tubes, covering alloys such as Nickel 200, Monel 400 (N04400), Alloy 600 (N06600), Alloy 800 (N08800) and Alloy 825 (N08825). |
| ASTM A815 | Pipe fittings | ASTM A815 is the specification for wrought ferritic, ferritic/austenitic (duplex) and martensitic stainless steel pipe fittings. |
| ASTM A420 | Pipe fittings | ASTM A420 is the specification for wrought carbon steel and alloy steel pipe fittings for low-temperature service. |
| ASTM A320 | Bolting | ASTM A320 is the specification for alloy and stainless steel bolting for low-temperature service. |
| ASME B16.28 | Dimensional standards | ASME B16.28 covered wrought steel buttwelding short-radius elbows and returns. |
| ASME B16.36 | Dimensional standards | ASME B16.36 is the standard for orifice flanges — flanges with radial pressure tappings drilled through the rim for flow measurement across an orifice plate. |
| ASME B16.48 | Dimensional standards | ASME B16.48 is the standard for line blanks — figure-8 (spectacle) blinds, paddle blanks and paddle spacers installed between flanges to isolate a line. |
| ASME B36.10 | Dimensional standards | ASME B36.10 is the standard for welded and seamless wrought steel pipe dimensions — outside diameters and wall thicknesses by schedule (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160) and weight class (STD, XS, XXS). |
| MSS SP-97 | Dimensional standards | MSS SP-97 is the standard for integrally reinforced forged branch-outlet fittings — the weld-on outlets (often called weldolets, sockolets and threadolets) used to take a branch off a run pipe without a tee. |
| EN 1092-1 | Dimensional standards | EN 1092-1 is the European standard for circular steel flanges designated by PN (nominal pressure) rather than ASME class. |
Material standards for flat products
Plate, sheet & strip
ASTM A240 · SA-240Chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet and stripASTM A480 · SA-480General requirements for stainless flat-rolled plate, sheet and strip — finishes and tolerancesASTM B906 · SB-906General requirements for flat-rolled nickel and nickel-alloy plate, sheet and stripASTM B424 · SB-424Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy (UNS N08825) plate, sheet and stripASTM B443 · SB-443Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy (UNS N06625) plate, sheet and stripASTM B168 · SB-168Ni-Cr-Fe alloy (UNS N06600) plate, sheet and stripASTM B409 · SB-409Ni-Fe-Cr alloy (Alloy 800) plate, sheet and stripASTM B575 · SB-575Low-carbon Ni-Mo-Cr alloy (C276, C22) plate, sheet and stripASTM B127 · SB-127Ni-Cu alloy (Monel 400) plate, sheet and stripASTM B625 · SB-625Super-austenitic plate, sheet & strip (904L in earlier editions only)ASTM A516 · SA-516Carbon steel pressure-vessel plate for moderate and lower temperatureASTM A387 · SA-387Chrome-moly alloy steel pressure-vessel plate
Material standards for pipe and tube
Pipe & tube
ASTM A312 · SA-312Seamless, welded and cold-worked austenitic stainless steel pipeASTM A358 · SA-358Electric-fusion-welded austenitic stainless pipe for high temperatureASTM A790 · SA-790Seamless and welded duplex stainless steel pipeASTM A789 · SA-789Seamless and welded duplex stainless steel tubingASTM A213 · SA-213Seamless ferritic and austenitic boiler, superheater and heat-exchanger tubesASTM A269Seamless and welded austenitic stainless tubing for general serviceASTM A106 · SA-106Seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature serviceASTM A333 · SA-333Seamless and welded steel pipe for low-temperature serviceASTM A335 · SA-335Seamless ferritic alloy steel (P-grade) pipe for high-temperature serviceASTM B423 · SB-423Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy (825) seamless pipe and tubeASTM B705 · SB-705Welded nickel-alloy (625, 825) pipeASTM B444 · SB-444Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy (625) seamless pipe and tubeASTM B622 · SB-622Seamless nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy (C276, C22) pipe and tubeASTM B165 · SB-165Ni-Cu alloy (Monel 400) seamless pipe and tubeASTM B677 · SB-677Super-austenitic seamless pipe & tube (904L in earlier editions only)ASTM B163 · SB-163Seamless nickel and nickel-alloy condenser and heat-exchanger tubes
Material standards for buttweld fittings
Pipe fittings
ASTM A403 · SA-403Wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittingsASTM A815 · SA-815Wrought ferritic, ferritic/austenitic (duplex) and martensitic stainless fittingsASTM A234 · SA-234Carbon and alloy steel piping fittings for moderate and high temperatureASTM A420 · SA-420Carbon and alloy steel piping fittings for low-temperature serviceASTM B366 · SB-366Factory-made wrought nickel and nickel-alloy fittings
Material standards for flanges and forged fittings
Flanges & forgings
Material standards for stud bolts and nuts
Bolting
Sizes, classes and schedules
Dimensional standards
ASME B16.5Pipe flanges and flanged fittings, NPS ½ through NPS 24ASME B16.47Large-diameter steel flanges, NPS 26 through NPS 60ASME B16.9Factory-made wrought buttwelding fittingsASME B16.11Forged fittings, socket-welding and threadedASME B16.28Short-radius elbows and returns — withdrawn, now covered by ASME B16.9ASME B16.36Orifice flangesASME B16.48Line blanks — spectacle blinds, spacers and paddle blanksASME B36.10Welded and seamless wrought steel pipe — sizes and schedulesASME B36.19Stainless steel pipe — sizes and schedulesMSS SP-43Wrought and fabricated butt-welding fittings for low-pressure, corrosion-resistant serviceMSS SP-97Integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings (olets)EN 1092-1European steel flanges, PN designated
Certificates and sour service
Quality & service
Standards — questions buyers ask
What is the difference between a material standard and a dimensional standard?
A material standard (for example ASTM B564 or A182) sets chemistry, mechanical properties, heat treatment and testing. A dimensional standard (for example ASME B16.5) sets sizes, pressure classes and tolerances. A flange order needs both.
What is the difference between ASTM and ASME SA / SB specifications?
ASME adopts ASTM material specifications into Section II of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and prefixes them SA (ferrous) or SB (non-ferrous). ASTM A182 becomes ASME SA-182; ASTM B564 becomes SB-564. Pressure-equipment designs call for the ASME designation.
Which standards apply to Inconel 825?
ASTM B424 for plate, sheet and strip; B423 for seamless pipe and tube; B705 for welded pipe; B366 (WPNICMC) for buttweld fittings; B564 for flanges and forgings; and B425 for bar.
Which standards apply to SS 904L?
Each form has its own standard: ASTM A240 for plate, sheet and strip; A312 for pipe; A269 (and A213 where the grade is supported) for tube; A403 WP904L for buttweld fittings; and A182 F904L for flanges. B625 (plate) and B677 (pipe) listed 904L in older editions only — they are historical references for 904L and still appear on some legacy purchase orders.
Which standards apply to Super Duplex 2507?
Super duplex 2507 (UNS S32750) is mapped in its own right, not by reference to 2205: ASTM A240 for plate, sheet and strip; A790 for pipe; A789 for tube; A815 WPS32750 for buttweld fittings; A182 F53 for flanges; and A1082 for finished bolting.
Which edition of a standard applies to my order?
The edition named in your purchase order or design code. Each standard page shows the current edition we have confirmed on the publisher listing and whether the full-text review is complete; numerical requirements appear only after that review.
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